Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment.” The CBD
highlights island biodiversity
6
as vulnerable to IAS and agrees that this aspect
should represent a key area for work. A further item of priority should be protected
areas and Decision X/31 calls to improve management of IAS in such areas.
Also agreed in 1992, Article 17.30 (a)(vi) of
Agenda 21
7
provides a special
provision directly related to states' international, regional and national commit-
ments to develop governing rules for ballast water discharges to prevent introduction
and spread of alien species (McConnell
2002
).
In its
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
, FAO (1995)
8
states that users
of living and aquatic resources should conserve aquatic ecosystems and that the
right to fi sh carries with it the obligation to do so in a responsible manner so as to
ensure effective conservation and management of the living aquatic resources.
Accordingly, the objective of this Code of Practice is to establish best practice
principles among nations for responsible management and fi shing practices, taking
into account all relevant biological, technological, economic, social, cultural and
environmental aspects. This EIFAC
9
-agreed voluntary policy document has to fi t
alongside national legislation and regional best practice guidelines and is designed
to prescribe the minimum standards for environmentally friendly, ethically appro-
priate and socially acceptable recreational fi shing.
The
Convention on the Law of Non
-
Navigational Uses of International
Watercourses
(
1997
)
10
is one of the basic documents of international water related
laws. Article 22, Part 4 of the Convention, “Introduction of alien or new species”
states: “Watercourse States shall take all measures necessary to prevent the intro-
duction of species, alien or new, into an international watercourse which may have
effects detrimental to the ecosystem of the watercourse resulting in signifi cant harm
to other watercourse States”.
In 2000, the Species Survival Commission (SSC)
11
of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
12
published guidelines for
the prevention of biodiversity loss caused by alien species. These guidelines will
support the prevention of biological diversity loss caused by alien invasive species
(IUCN
2000
). In 2006 IUCN published considerations for responsible use of non-
indigenous species in aquaculture (Hewitt et al.
2006
) and in 2013 IUCN guidelines
for reintroductions and other conservation translocations of species were published
(IUCN/SSC
2013
).
6
http://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=11013
, last accessed 02.04.2013.
last
accessed
02.10.2012.
8
http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/v9878e/v9878e00.HTM
, last accessed 02.10.2012.
9
ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi /DOCUMENT/eifac/eifac23/default.htm
, last accessed 02.10.2012.
02.10.2012.
vival_commission_/
,
last accessed 02.10.2012.
12
http://www.iucn.org/
,
last accessed 02.10.2012.
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