Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
the highest annual number in 2017, i.e., more than 16,000 vessels. Divided by 365
this results in an installation demand of ca. 45 BWMS per day. The number of ves-
sels required to install BWMS was expected to rapidly increase in 2015 and sharply
drop in 2020, because the vessels constructed before 2009 should have installed
BWMS between 2015 and 2019. The number of existing vessels that would need to
retrofi t would be in total approximately 34,000 vessels and the number of vessels,
which are required to retrofi t BWMS is estimated at 2,500 vessels in 2015 and 2016,
11,000 vessels in 2017, and 9,000 vessels in 2018 and 2019. The phase-in of the
vessels to meet the D-2 standard was recently time-wise relaxed (see chapter
which will likely result in a longer high demand of BWMS to be installed on board
vessels (IMO
2010g
,
h
).
A recent calculation on the estimated value of the global market for purchas-
ing and installing BWMSs was conducted by IMarEST (IMO
2011a
,
z
) and
the estimations resulted a turn-over between 2011 and 2016 of possibly $50-74
billion.
As per the original IMO requirements more than 21,000 vessels were subject to
the fi rst round of BWMS retrofi ts. This would have included vessels with a ballast
water capacity of 1,500-5,000 m
3
. With 16,000 out of these 21,000 vessels, the
majority of those vessels would have been general cargo ships. IMarEST analysed
the “delivered” vessels by type and it was estimated that more than 68,000 vessels
would need to install on board BWMS before 2020 (IMO
2011a
,
z
).
Fishing vessels are a special case and only those of >300 gross tons were included
in the analysis of IMarEST (IMO
2011a
,
z
). Considering the tight profi t range of
especially smaller fi shing vessels, it is unlikely that they will include the installation
of BWMS in their business plans. Other limitations for those vessels may be the
lack of space to install BWMS so that those vessels may have to fi nd another way to
comply with ballast water management regulations.
According to IMarEST estimates the cost range of BWMS across system types
and categories of ship was estimated to be between $640,000 and $947,000 per ves-
sel, however the authors in direct contact with BWMS vendors received information
that the system prices would start from approximately 250,000 Euro. It should also
be noted that installation costs will vary to a great extend which is related to the
BWMS and ship characteristics and the footprint and other requirements. In some
cases, depending on the number of ballast pumps aboard, more than one BWMS
may have to be installed.
BWMS manufacturers and shipowners assume that minimal or even no lost
profi t may occur due to the retrofi tting of BWMS provided the installation time does
not extend the normal shipyard time. Alternatively the BWMS may be installed
during navigation, but cabin and lifeboat limitations may occur when planning to
accommodate the installation crew (IMO
2011a
,
z
).
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