Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
At present there are many different treatment technologies available, and most of
those were previously developed for municipal and other industrial applications.
However, when applying those without modifi cations and improvements to the bal-
last water treatment purpose, none of these technologies have shown the capability
to treat the ballast water to the level required by the BWM Convention D-2 Ballast
Water Performance Standard (see chapter Ballast Water Management Under the
Ballast Water Management Convention ).
The setting of these proposed regulations is an important driving force for ballast
water treatment technology developments worldwide. As a result, it was expected
that the development and implementation of these systems will proceed at a greatly
accelerated rate. However, the ambitious phase-in of the D-2 standard as shown in
chapter Ballast Water Management Under the Ballast Water Management
Convention was modifi ed at MEPC65 (in May 2013) and approved by the IMO
Assembly in December 2013. The required starting times were now set as in maxi-
mum 5 years after the entry into force of the BWM Convention because the time
limits as agreed earlier (see chapter Ballast Water Management Under the Ballast
Water Management Convention ) are valid for so many vessels that timely retrofi t-
ting may become very diffi cult or impossible because of BWMS manufacturing and
dockyard limitations (IMO 2010g , h ; IMO 2011a , z ).
Ballast Water Management Systems
World-wide available information about 104 different BWMS was collected and is
presented in this chapter (IMO 2005a , b , 2006a , b , c , d , e , f , g , h , i , j , 2007a , b , c ,
d , e , f , g , h , i , j , 2008a , b , c , d , e , f , g , h , i , j , k , l , m , n , o , p , q , r , s , t , u , v , w , 2009a ,
b , c , d , e , f , g , h , i , j , k , l , m , n , o , p , q , r , 2010a , b , c , d , e , f , g , h , i , j , k ; 2011a , b , c ,
d , e , f , g , h , i , j , k , l , m , n , o , p , q , r , s , t , u , v , w , x , y , z , za ; 2012a , b , c , d , e , f , g , h ,
i , j , k , l , m , n , o , p , q , r , s , t , u , v , w , x , y , z , za , 2013a , b , c , d , e , f , g , h , i , j , k ; Mesbahi
2004 ; Köster 2010 ; Shiferaw 2012 , Stephan Gollasch pers. comm.). Some of these
systems are in the (early) development stage, hence information about these is
limited or not available due to confi dentiality reasons or patents pending. It is fur-
ther assumed that not all systems listed will reach full commercially ready devel-
opment and some manufacturers have stopped the further development of the
systems under consideration or withdrawn the system from the market. It should be
noted that the development of BWMS is a very dynamic market with newly pro-
posed BWMS appearing almost on a monthly basis.
Ballast Water Management Systems Treatment Technologies
To be able to achieve the requirements of the ballast water discharge standards, differ-
ent water treatment technologies are used, mostly in combination, and applied in dif-
ferent stages of the ballasting process. In general, the treatment processes can be split
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