Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 2.2
Spiranthes magnicamporum
. (
a
) Flower, oblique lateral view; (
b
) flower, exploded view,
scale bars = 2 mm
These are attached by their apices to a single, usually long viscidium at the distal
end of the rostellum, which, when removed, leaves a V-shaped notch (Fig.
2.3
)
(Luer
1975
; Dressler
1993
; Johnson and Edwards
2000
). A wide, flat, stigmatic
surface is positioned on the ventral side of the column behind the rostellum (e.g.,
Sipes and Tepedino
1995
).
Breeding systems are diverse. Taxa or populations within taxa can produce seed
sexually or asexually or by a combination of sexual and asexual means. Mechanisms
include insect pollination (e.g., Darwin
1862
; Godfery
1922, 1933
; Catling
1980b,
1982
; Sipes and Tepedino
1995
), autogamy (Ridley
1888
; Hagerup
1952
; Catling
1980a, b, 1982
), and agamospermy (e.g., Leavitt
1900, 1901
; Schnarf
1929
; Swamy
1948
; Catling
1979, 1980b, 1982
; Schmidt
1987
; Schmidt and Antlfinger
1992
).
Asexual Species or Populations
Wholly or partially agamospermous taxa include
S. cernua
(L.) L. C. Richard (nod-
ding ladies'-tresses),
S. ochroleuca
(Rydberg) Rydberg (yellow nodding ladies'-
tresses),
S. magnicamporum
Sheviak (Great Plains ladies'-tresses),
S. odorata
(Nuttall) Lindley (fragrant ladies'-tresses),
S. casei
Catling and Cruise var.
casei
(Case's ladies'-tresses), and
S. casei
Catling and Cruise var.
novaescotiae
Catling
(Case's ladies'-tresses) (Table
2.1
).
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