Biology Reference
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facilitated by adaptation to wide-spread pollinators, wind dispersal of the seeds, and
vegetative reproduction.
Goodyera
populations are known to be sensitive to disturbance. Logging prac-
TICESANDHABITATDESTRUCTIONHAVELEDTOLOCALEXTIRPATIONSINAREASOFTHE0ACIlC
Northwest and are a threat at most other locations (St. Hilaire
2002
&OREXAMPLE
populations of
G. pubescens
, perhaps the most threatened species of
Goodyera
,
have been much reduced due to reduction of habitat in northeastern North America
(Light
2000
4HELOSSOFAMATURECANOPYISTHOUGHTTOEXPOSETHERHIZOMESOFTHIS
species to damaging climatic fluctuations (Reddoch and Reddoch
2007
). Other
THREATSINCLUDEPREDATIONESPECIALLYBYDEERINVASIVEEXOTICPLANTSLOWGENETIC
diversity, acid rain, climate change, and collection for horticultural purposes (e.g.,
St. Hilaire
2002
and references therein).
Other Goodyerinae
Zeuxine Lindley
Zeuxine
is a genus of about 30 (Ackerman
2002a
) to 70 (Pridgeon et al.
2003
)
widely distributed species.
Zeuxine strateumatica
(L.) Schltr. (soldier's orchid)
(Fig.
1.4a
), native to Arabia, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, was first intro-
duced to North America in Florida and is now also found in Georgia, Mississippi,
,OUISIANAAND4EXAS!MES
1938
; Thieret
1972
; Correll
1978
; Ackerman
2002a
).
Luer (
1975
) observed small flies visiting the colorful and highly fragrant flowers,
but based on its prolific seed production, rapid spread, and free reproduction in hot
houses, he and Ackerman (
2002a
) concluded that it is almost certainly autogamous
Fig. 1.4
(
a
)
Zeuxine strateumatica
, flower, front view; (
b
)
Ponthieva racemosa
, nonresupinate
flower, front view, scale bars = 2 mm
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