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Fig. 8.2 Arethusa bulbosa . ( a ) Flower, oblique view, scale bar = 5 mm; ( b ) Column, ventral view,
scale bar = 5 mm; ( c ) Close up of anther (an) and stigma (sg), scale bar = 1 mm
The flowers of A. bulbosa are relatively large and usually solitary and terminal
on scapes of variable length (Table 8.1 ). Commonly rose-purple, they range from
magenta to white (Luer 1975 ; Case 1987 ; Yannetti 2003 ). All three sepals are erect,
whereas the petals are positioned with the lip to form a loose tube around the col-
umn (Fig. 8.2a ). The lip is obovate to oblong with two indistinct lateral lobes and a
large, downcurved middle lobe. The latter has a notched apex, crenulate to erose
lateral margins, and deep purple veining or blotching on an otherwise white or pink-
ish-white ventral surface. This surface also bears ultraviolet absorbing crests of yel-
low lamellae, which become fleshy processes toward the apex (Luer 1975 ). The
column is pink, flattened, and arched with lateral wings and a distally erose margin
(Fig. 8.2a, b ) (Luer 1975 ; Case 1987 ). Positioned below the apex, the incumbent
anther (Fig. 8.2b, c ) produces two pairs of soft and mealy, weakly sectile, yellow-
green pollinia (Luer 1975 ; Hesse et al. 1989 ; Dressler 1993 ). The massulae are
irregularly shaped and comprised of tetrads (Hesse et al. 1989 ). The stigma is emer-
gent and proximal to the anther (Fig. 8.2b, c ) (Sheviak and Catling 2002a ). A vis-
cidium is absent (Stoutamire 1971 ).
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