Tribe Calypsoeae - The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: North of Florida and Mexico - page 117

Fig. 6.3 Tipularia discolor . ( a ) Flower, side view, scale bar = 2 mm; ( b ) Flower, front view, scale
bar = 2 mm; ( c ) Column, ventral view, scale bar = 1 mm; ( d ) Pollinarium following loss of anther
cap with four superposed pollinia, scale bar = 1 mm
or citronella odor.” Flowering occurs in mid-to late summer when relatively few
other forest herbs are in bloom (Taylor 1974 ; Whigham and McWethy 1980 ).
Compatibility and Breeding System
Whigham and McWethy ( 1980 ) examined the reproductive biology of this orchid in
a 2-year study at the Smithsonian's Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental
Studies near Annapolis, Maryland. They found that natural populations were main-
tained primarily by vegetative reproduction. Nevertheless, experimental crosses
indicated that pollinator-mediated intrafloral selfing, geitonogamy, and xenogamy
all have the potential for seed production, and a study of genetic markers supports