Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.2
Species of bumblebees with attached pollinaria of
Calypso bulbosa
Pollinators Caste
a
/variety
b
Study site Source
Bombus bifarius
Cresson Q/a, u ? Krell (
1977
)
B. bifarius nearcticus
Handlirsch Q (W)/a AB, NWT, BC, WA Mosquin (
1970
)
Q/o ID Krell (
1977
)
Q/a AB Boyden (
1982
)
B. californicus
F. Smith Q/a AB Mosquin (
1970
)
B. caliginosus
(Frison) Q/o CA Ackerman (
1981
)
B. centralis
Cresson Q/u BC, WA Mosquin (
1970
)
Q/o ? Ackerman (
1981
)
B. frigidus
Smith
c
Q/u QB Mosquin (
1970
)
B. melanopygus
Nylander
d
Q/o CA Ackerman (
1981
)
B. flavifrons
Cresson Q/o ID Krell (
1977
)
Q/a ? Krell (
1977
)
B. frigidus
Smith Q, W/a BC, QB, AB Mosquin (
1970
)
B. lucorum moderatus
Cresson Q/u AB Mosquin (
1970
)
Q/a ? Krell (
1977
)
B. melanopygus
Nylander Q/o AB Ackerman (
1981
)
Q/a AB Boyden (
1982
)
B. mixtus
Cresson Q, W/a BC, AB Mosquin (
1970
)
Q/a CA Ackermann (1981)
B. occidentalis
Greene Q/a AB Mosquin (
1970
)
Q/a AB Boyden (
1982
)
B. pleuralis
Nylander Q (W)/a NWT, BC, WA, AB Mosquin (
1970
)
Q/o ? Krell (
1977
)
B. rufocinctus Cresson Q/o ? Ackerman (
1981
)
B. sitkensis Nylander Q/u ? Krell (
1977
)
B. ternarias
Say Q/a ? Krell (
1977
)
Q/u ? Krell (
1977
)
B. vagans
Smith Q/a ? Krell (
1977
)
B. vosnesenskii
Radoszkowski Q/o CA Kipping (
1971
)
B. insularis
(Smith)
e
F/o CA Ackerman (
1981
)
B
.
fernaldae
(Franklin)
f
Q/a ? Krell (
1977
)
B. insularis
(Smith)
g
F/a BC, AB Mosquin (
1970
)
Q/a Q/u ? Krell (
1977
)
a
Caste of bumblebee:
Q
queen,
W
worker,
F
designated simply as “female,” caste unidentified but
probably workers rather than queens. Parentheses = less common
b
6ARIETYOF
C. bulbosa
: a =
americana
, o =
occidentalis
, u = unknown
c
As
Bombus couperi
Cresson
d
As
Bombus edwardsii
Cresson
e
As
Psithyrus crawfordii
Franklin
f
As
Psithyrus fernaldae
(Franklin)
g
As
Psithyrus insularis
(Smith)
C. bulbosa
produces no floral rewards and is pollinated by deceit. It is a general-
ized food-flower mimic with floral characteristics that Heinrich (
1979
) described as
typical of the bumblebee-pollinated food-flower syndrome. Pollen transport is
apparently dependent on exploratory sampling visits of newly emerged, naïve,
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