Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 6.1
Calypso bulbosa
. (
a
) Flower, front view, scale bar = 2 mm; (
b
) Pollinarium, oblique view;
(
c
) Pollinarium, side view, scale bar (
b
,
c
) = 1 mm; (
d
) Column, ventral view, scale bar = 2 mm.
an
anther,
sg
stigmatic area
waxy pollinia borne on short tegula in a single pollinarium (Fig.
6.1b, c
) (Luer
1975
;
Freudenstein
1994a
; Sheviak and Catling
2002
; Pridgeon et al.
2005
). The viscidium
is large and quadrangular (Sheviak and Catling
2002
). A concave stigma is located
just behind the anther and is separated from it by a small ridge (Fig.
6.1d
) (Mosquin
1970
; Boyden
1982
).
Unpollinated flowers of variety
americana
in Alberta (Mosquin
1970
; Proctor
and Harder
1995
), Idaho (Lehmberg
2002
), and Maine (Nylander
1922, 1935
) may
remain open for 1-3 weeks. Flowers of variety
occidentalis
in California persist in
good condition for up to 3 or 4 weeks (Kipping
1971
; Ackerman, personal commu-
nication in Krell
1977
). Senescence involves a change in flower color and orienta-
tion as well as a change in the relative position of the column, sepals, and petals.
Krell (
1977
), studying variety
occidentalis
, and Boyden (
1982
), variety
americana
,
found floral odor faded or even changed in character as the flowers aged. This may
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