Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
property in its Ca
2+
response receives synaptic inputs from different subsets of the
afferents having different sensitivities to direction.
Thus, simultaneous Ca
2+
imaging of pre- and postsynaptic neurons has provided
signifi cant fi ndings on the decoding algorithm for synaptic transmission and on the
dendritic integration of synaptic inputs. Recent approaches using high-speed two-
photon imaging are capable of visualizing and functionally mapping the synaptic
inputs onto individual spines on the dendrites of cortical neurons (Jia et al.
2010
;
Chen et al.
2011
; Varga et al.
2011
). In neuroethological research, further develop-
ment of in vivo Ca
2+
-imaging techniques and the development of novel indicators,
including genetic probes, will be amenable major advances in our understanding of
the neuronal architecture and computations underlying animal behavior.
References
Adelsberger H, Garaschuk O, Konnerth A (2005) Cortical calcium waves in resting newborn mice.
Nat Neurosci 8:988-990
Bandyopadhyay S, Shamma SA, Kanold PO (2010) Dichotomy of functional organization in the
mouse auditory cortex. Nat Neurosci 13:361-368
Bonnot A, Mentis GZ, Skoch J, O'Donovan MJ (2005) Electroporation loading of calcium-
sensitive dyes into the CNS. J Neurophysiol 93:1793-1808
Borst A, Egelhaaf M (1992) In vivo imaging of calcium accumulation in fl y interneurons as elic-
ited by visual motion stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:4139-4143
Chen X, Leischner U, Rochefort NL, Nelken I, Konnerth A (2011) Functional mapping of single
spines in cortical neurons in vivo. Nature 475:501-505
Delaney K, Davison I, Denk W (2001) Odour-evoked [Ca
2+
] transients in mitral cell dendrites of
frog olfactory glomeruli. Eur J Neurosci 13:1658-1672
Dreosti E, Odermatt B, Dorostkar MM, Lagnado L (2009) A genetically encoded reporter of syn-
aptic activity in vivo. Nat Methods 6:883-889
Dombeck DA, Khabbaz AN, Collman F, Adelman TL, Tank DW (2007) Imaging large-scale neu-
ral activity with cellular resolution in awake, mobile mice. Neuron 56:43-57
Garaschuk O, Milos RI, Konnerth A (2006) Targeted bulk-loading of fl uorescent indicators for
two-photon brain imaging in vivo. Nat Protoc 1:380-386
Gelperin A, Flores J (1997) Vital staining from dye-coated microprobes identifi es new olfactory
interneurons for optical and electrical recording. J Neurosci Methods 72:97-108
Grienberger C, Konnerth A (2012) Imaging calcium in neurons. Neuron 73:862-885
Helmchen F, Denk W (2005) Deep tissue two-photon microscopy. Nat Methods 2:932-940
Hovis KR, Padmanabhan K, Urbana NN (2010) A simple method of in vitro electroporation allows
visualization, recording, and calcium imaging of local neuronal circuits. J Neurosci Methods
19:1-10
Jacobs GA, Miller JP, Murphey RK (1986) Cellular mechanisms underlying directional sensitivity
of an identifi ed sensory interneuron. J Neurosci 6:2298-2311
Jia H, Rochefort NL, Chen X, Konnerth A (2010) Dendritic organization of sensory input to corti-
cal neurons in vivo. Nature 464:1307-1312
Landolfa MA, Miller JP (1995) Stimulus-response properties of cricket cercal fi liform receptors.
J Comp Physiol A 177:749-757
Lipp P, Niggli E (1993) Ratiometric confocal Ca
2+
-measurements with visible wavelength
indicators in isolated cardiac myocytes. Cell Calcium 14:339-372
Miller JP, Jacobs GA, Theunissen FE (1991) Representation of sensory information in the cricket
cercal sensory system. I. Response properties of the primary interneurons. J Neurophysiol
66:1680-1689
