Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 26-3. (
Continued
)
Losses in Pipes, Pipe Fittings, and Valves
Appurtenance, Alphabetically
K
L
K
s
(Smooth Surface)
K
r
(Rough Surface)
Miter Bends
5
deflection angle
10
15
22.5
30
45
60
90
0.016
0.034
0.042
0.066
0.130
0.236
0.471
1.129
0.024
0.044
0.062
0.154
0.165
0.320
0.684
1.265
CONDUITS, Closed Pipes or Open Channels
90
Bends (Velocity 2 to 6 ft / sec)
0.0
R
0.25
R
0.50
R
1
-8
1.0-1.4
0.5-0.6
0.3-0.4
0.2-0.3
0.3-0.35
0.4-0.5
0.5-0.6
0.55-0.65
R
10
R
15
R
20
R
25
R
CONTRACTOR, SUDDEN
d
/
D
1
⁄
4
0.42
0.33
0.19
d
/
D
1
⁄
2
d
/
D
3
⁄
4
ENLARGEMENT, SUDDEN (due to turbulence)
(
V
1
downstream velocity)
Sharp-cornered outlet
Bell-mounted outlet
In terms of velocity of small end
d
/
D
1.0
(
V
2
/ 2
g
V
2
/2
g
)
2
1
0.1
(
V
2
/ 2
g
V
2
/2
g
)
2
1
1
⁄
4
0.92
0.56
0.19
d
/
D
1
⁄
2
d
/
D
3
⁄
4
ENTRANCE
Entrance Losses
Pipe projecting into tank (Borda entrance)
End of pipe flush with tank
Slightly rounded
Bell-mouthed
0.83-1.0
0.5
0.23
0.04
GATES
Sluice
Submerged port in 12
wall
Contraction in a conduit
Width equal to conduit width and without top
submergence
Shear
Wide open (orifice)
2.5
0.5
0.2
1.80
