Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 23-4. Water Treatment Process Materials Containing Radionuclides
Treatment Process
Radionuclide Removed
Process Materials
Coagulation / Filtration
Radium, uranium
Filter medium (sand)
Filter medium (coal)
Lime softening
Radium, uranium
Filter medium (sand)
Filter medium (coal)
Cation exchange
Radium
Resin
Anion exchange
Uranium
Resin
Iron removal processes
•
Radium
Filter medium (sand)
Filter medium (coal)
Greensand
Oxidation / Filtration
Greensand adsorption
•
Reverse osmosis
Radium, uranium
Membrane
Electrodialysis
Radium, uranium
Membrane
GAC adsorption
Radon, uranium, radium
GAC
Selective sorbents
Radium, uranium
Selective sorbent media
Source:
Reference 1.
TABLE 23-5. Coagulation Plant Sludge Quantities
Average
Raw
Water
Turbidity,
NTU
Chemical
Dosages,
mg / L
Alum
Sludge Quantities
lb/MG
Plants
Raw Water Source
Other
kg/Mm
3
Erie County, NY
Sturgeon Point
Lake Erie
2-25
15
—
100-175
12-21
Monroe County, NY
Shorement Plant
Lake Ontario
1-10
18
7*
116
14
Rochester, NY
Lake Ontario
1-10
25
17†
210
25
Monroe County, NY
Eastman Kodak Co.
Lake Ontario
1-10
24
10*
143
17
Denver, CO
Foothills Plant
South Platte River
(Strontia Springs Dam)
6.6
10
—
83
10
Birmingham, AL
Shades Mountain
Cahaba River
19
NA
—
215
26
Washington, DC
Patuxent River
Potomac River
Patuxent River
Potomac River
6.9
120
NA
NA
—
—
100
630
12
76
Source:
References 9, 10, and 11.
NA
Not available.
* Clay.
† Clay, carbon, starch.
