Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 16
Oxidation
INTRODUCTION
Strong oxidants may be applied at one or more locations within a water treatment
system to achieve a variety of objectives:
Control of zebra mussels
•
Control of biofouling within the treatment plant
•
Inactivation and removal of algae
•
Oxidation of iron and manganese
•
Reduction of off-tastes and odors
•
Color removal
•
Improvement of coagulation and filtration
•
Reduction of disinfection by-product precursors
•
Oxidation of pesticides and other synthetic organic chemicals
•
Disinfection
•
Prevention of regrowth and maintenance of biological stability in the distribution
system
•
Figure 16-1 illustrates typical application points for oxidants and the process objec-
tives normally associated with these locations.
This chapter reviews the fundamentals of oxidation chemistry, identifies the prin-
cipal oxidants used in water treatment, and describes the applications of this process.
Two major applications of oxidants—iron and manganese removal, and disinfection—
are sufficiently important to warrant separate chapters (see Chapters 14 and 19), and
are not discussed here. Also, control of water quality in distribution systems is ad-
dressed in Chapter 22.
OXIDATION CHEMISTRY
This section provides an abbreviated overview of oxidation chemistry. More thorough
treatment of this subject may be found in several references.
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