Criteria and Standards for Improved Potable Water Quality - Public Water Systems - page 29

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Amendments of 1988 (FIFRAA)
Federal Ecosystems and Atmospheric Pollution Research Act of 1988 (FEAPRA)
Indoor Radon Abatement, Amendment (IRA)
Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Amendments (NWPAA)
Comprehensive Ocean Dumping Research Amendments and Authorization: National
Marine Sanctuaries Program, Amendments and Authorization (CODRA / NMSPAA)
Federal Cave Resources Protection Act of 1988 (FCRPA)
Marine Mammals Protection Act Amendments of 1988 (MMPAA)
1989
North American Wetlands Conservation Act (NAWCA)
1990
Earth Day Proclamation (20th Anniversary) (EDP)
Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA)
Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA)
Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA-90)
Global Change Research Act of 1990 (GCRA)
Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act of 1990 (GLFWRA)
Hazardous Materials Transportation and Uniform Safety Act of 1990 (HMTUSA)
National Environmental Education Act (NEEA)
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT
Acute Health Effect An adverse health effect that occurs immediately (within a few
hours up to a few days) as a result of consuming drinking water containing certain
contaminants (e.g., pathogens).
Best Available Technology (BAT) The drinking water treatment technology deemed
by the US EPA to be the most effective and / or appropriate technology to remove a
specific contaminant from a raw-water supply.
Carcinogen A natural or manmade compound that may be found in water and is
either known to cause or suspected to cause cancer in humans when either consumed
and / or inhaled (e.g., chloroform is a consumed chemical, and radon gas is inhaled
when released from drinking water).
Chronic Health Effect An adverse health effect that occurs after many years of
exposure to a drinking water contaminant at levels above the maximum contaminant
level.
Coliform Bacteria A family of many species of bacteria whose presence in drinking
water may indicate contamination with sewerage and disease-causing microorganisms.
Community Water Systems (CWSs) Provide drinking water to the same people
year-round. There are approximately 54,000 CWSs serving water to over 250 million
people.
Cryptosporidiosis The gastrointestinal disease caused by the Cryptosporidium path-
ogen when ingested by humans. Symptoms of the illness include nausea, stomach
cramps, diarrhea, and / or bloody diarrhea. There is no medicine to treat the illness,
and healthy individuals will likely recover in 1 to 4 weeks. Persons with weakened or