Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
effectively combine the properties that the individual nanomaterial components and bulk
matrix materials possess. This requires developing a whole new array of nanomanu-
facturing technologies and the fundamental science that underlies them. For example,
when nanomaterials are used to produce products, they need to be able to be controllably
dispersed or mixed into other materials and retain their functionality in the bulk matrix.
Following is a listing of science-based needs with respect to using nanomaterials for com-
mercially producing composite matrices across a number of industries product sectors
including the forest products industry and when producing or using lignocellulosic-based
nanomaterials.
•
Develop the science and technologies needed to control and manipulate dispersion of
nanomaterials into a matrix of other materials.
•
Develop the tools needed to adequately and easily measure and characterize nanoma-
terial dispersion and mixing with other materials into a matrix to include degree of
nanomaterial dispersion/aggregation.
•
Determine how to overcome the deleterious effects of increasing production scale on
dispersion/mixing of nanomaterials into a matrix of other materials.
•
Develop robust online, real-time, in-situ characterization tools and methodologies to
characterize dispersion and mixing of nanomaterials into a bulk matrix of other mate-
rials (polar and nonpolar liquids, suspensions, solids and gases).
•
Preserve the functionality of nanomaterials (e.g. strength; optical; magnetic, elec-
trical/electronic; thermodynamic, chemical reactivity, catalysis, etc.)
when they are
incorporated into other materials.
•
Develop the science needed to overcome the deleterious effects of high temperature
processing on admixed nanomaterial properties.
•
Understand the interactions between nanofibrils and bulk matrix materials that are
most important to nanofibril reinforcement to include nanofibril morphology (e.g.
size, shape aspect ratio, etc.), nanofibril loading level, and surface energies.
•
Learn how to control nanofibril orientation in matrices bulk materials.
•
Understand how varying composite synthesis methodologies (e.g. extrusion, solvent
casting, high shear mixing) impact matrix properties.
•
Measure the rheological properties of mixtures of nanomaterials (nano-, micro-, and
macroscales) and bulk matrix materials and the effects on dispersion and mixing.
•
Determine methodologies to adequately characterize nano-enable composite matrices.
•
Determine the impact of aging and storage on nanocomposites properties.
•
Develop multiscale (macro-, micro-, nano-) models that allow the prediction of the
properties of composite matrices incorporating nanomaterials (to include maximum
theoretical nanomaterial influence on matrix properties) and allow use of micro- and
macroscale tests to correlate with nanoscale dispersion/mixing.
•
Characterize nanoscale architectures of nanomaterials interacting with bulk matrix
materials.
•
Develop nondestructive quality control testing methods for composites containing
nanomaterials.
•
Develop a database of standardized nanomaterials/matrices properties.
•
Develop process control tools for producing nanomaterial/bulk matrix composites.
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