Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
<Courseid4="C1">
<Lab lbname="LB1"/>
<Lecture ltname="LT1"/>
<Lecture ltname="LT2"/>
</Course>
<Courseid4="C2">
<Lecture ltname="LT3"/>
</Course>
<Lecturer id7="L1"/>
<Professor id6="PR1"/>
<Tutor id8="T1" idref67="L1"/>
<Tutor id8="T2" idref67="PR1"/>
<Student sname="S1">
<Artifact8 idref4="C2" idref8="T1"/>
<Artifact8 idref4="C1" idref8="T2"/>
</Student>
<Student sname="S2">
<Artifact8 idref4="C1" idref8="T1"/>
</Student>
<RetirementPlan id2="RP1" Age="65"/>
<RetirementPlan id2="RP2" Age="60"/>
<HourlyRate id3="HW1"/>
</Teaching>
9.4
Summary
In summary, data normalization involves schema restructure and data reorganiza-
tion in a database. The former includes redesign of the data definition language
(DDL) of the database such that the new design is more user friendly in update and
management. The latter includes download and upload of the data in the database.
Therefore, data normalization is an important factor for users to consider in design-
ing a database as a preprocess. On the other hand, data reorganization is only recom-
mended when it is necessary to perform database reengineering for the benefit of
information systems reengineering. In other words, when the benefit of information
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