Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
450
Hi-Fi
Hz>1500
400
350
300
250
200
150
Hz<1500
100
50
0
600
Time
Lo-Fi
Hz<1500
500
400
300
200
Hz<1500
100
0
Time
Fig. 1.6
Example of high-fidelity (Hi-Fi) sonotope in a remote Mediterranean maqui (Deiva
Marina, Liguria, Italy) and of low-fidelity (Lo-Fi) sonotopes recorded in the Devesa Park of Girona
(Catalogna, Spain). The Hi-Fi and Lo-Fi sonotopes have been distinguished according to
the amount of information calculated with the acoustic complexity index (ACI) (see Chap.
9
),
for 2-h audio files, pertaining to frequencies below 1,500 Hz (mostly noisy background) and
frequencies higher than 1,500 Hz (mostly biophonies) (From Farina 2011, unpublished data)
capacity to distinguish the song of a dipper (
Cinclus cinclus
), or when the mistral
(wind) is blowing on the Provence Maqui, it is not possible to hear songbirds. At the
same time, during the dawn chorus of a bird community it is hard to distinguish the
individual species.
Of course, when the environment is complicated by anthrophonies, the quality of
the emerging sound is strongly reduced. In Fig.
1.6
are depicted two examples of
Hi-Fi and Lo-Fi soundscapes, the first from the Mediterranean Maqui in Cinque
Terre (Italy) and the second from a urban park in Girona (Spain). The first
soundscape is characterized by distinct sounds from individual species where the
background noise does not mask the biophonies.
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