Sonic Patterns I: The Noise - Soundscape Ecology: Principles, Patterns, Methods and Applications - page 181

Fig. 6.20 List of birds listening across a landscape gradient ranging from commercial to rural
residential in Greater Lansing area, MI (USA), ordered according to the highest occurrence proba-
bility from commercial to rural residential (Reproduced with permission from Joo et al. 2011 )

For this, it would be of great interest to investigate which are the species that are
better adapted to urban areas, and if these species are characteristic of rural areas,
where rural areas could represent an intermediate stage of animal adaptation to
human-dominated ecosystems.
In a study conducted by Joo et al. ( 2011 ) in the Greater Lansing Area (MI, US),
house sparrow, house finch, and European starling were found dominant ( 75 %) in

the high or moderate development areas (Fig. 6.20 ). Cedar waxwing, a species that

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