Biomedical Engineering Reference
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they do probe the surface to different depths. ToF-SIMS is a true surface
analysis technique evaluating only the outmost 1 nm of a surface while XPS
(limited by the escape of the core electrons from the surface) will analyse the
top 5-10 nm. It is possible, through angle resolved XPS, to probe a more
d
n
3
r
4
n
g
|
2
Table 11.5 Examples of XPS probes used for derivatisation of functional groups.
Functional
group
Reactant
Comments
Ref.
Carboxyl
-COOH
CF
3
CH
2
OH
TFE
Gas phase reaction.
Reaction mixture
contains di-tBuC and py.
91-93
F
3
C
Solution phase reaction.
Sample first activated by
NHS.
94
NH
2
F
3
C
BTFBAM
CF
3
CH
2
NH
2
TFEA
Solution phase reaction.
Reaction mixture
contains EDS and NHS.
95
F
F
.
Solution phase reaction.
Reaction mixture
contains EDC.
F
OH
11, 14
F
F
PFP
NaOH
Solution phase reaction.
Produces the carboxylate
from the carboxylic acid.
91
Aldehyde
-CHO
H
2
NNH
2
Hydrazine
Gas phase reaction. Also
reactive towards ketones
(4CQO).
92
F
F
Solution reaction. Also
reactive towards ketones
(4CQO).
F
NHNH
2
91
F
F
TFPH
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