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Table 7.2 Factors that make reading more difficult
Complex (such as Gothic fonts) or uncommon fonts, such as novelty fonts (wild west-like). They
are harder to read if they are unfamiliar or perceptually complex
Fonts that have more detail than the display can provide, e.g., a small, serifed font on a mobile
device. They are harder to read if necessary details are not visible
Long lines that make it difficult for the eye to jump back to the beginning of the next line. They
are harder to read because the eye has trouble jumping that far that precisely
Small line spacing (spacing between lines). This also makes it more difficult for the reader's eye
to find the beginning of the next line. They are harder to read because the target line to jump
to is smaller
Smaller fonts. They are harder to read because they are harder to perceive, and often come with
long lines and small line spacing
Poor spacing between words. This makes reading harder because the eye cannot see words as
being distinct, and when it has to jump back the targets are not as clear
Incorrect spelling. This is harder to read because the reader may use the wrong word, or take
longer to recognize the correct word
Fully justified text (that is, even on the right and left edges versus natural spacing, flush on the left
but with a ragged right margin). This is harder to read because it causes uneven and too large
spaces between words
The use of all upper case letters. These are harder to read because the reader will have less
practice recognizing the letters and words, and it will also influence line spacing
Ambiguous and distal references, and pronouns (the use of 'it' and 'that', vs nouns and proper
nouns). These are harder to read because the referent to the pronoun must be found and used
correctly
Abstract words (vs concrete words). These are harder to read because the words are less common
and require more processing to understand
Poor grammar. This is harder to read because the concepts' relations may not be well specified
Negative and double negative concepts (which can be particularly difficult to understand). These
are harder to read because more processing is required to understand them
Table 7.3 Hard to read text. The following text contains examples of the factors that make
reading more difficult as listed in Table 7.2
6 DOZEN, 12, AND SIX HALVES OF YEARS AGO OUR OWN PARENT'S GENETIC ORGINITORS PRODUCED HEREFORTH ON THIS
COLLECTION OF TECTONIC PLATES A NOT OLD SOCIAL-POLITICAL ORGANIZATION, CO-NCEIVED IN LIBERTY AND AIMED
TOWARD THE FACT TAHT ALL HUMANOIDS ARE CREATED EQUIVALENT. AT THIS POINT IN TIME WE ARE MORE THAN
STARTED IN A PH-ENOMENAL CONFLAGRATION, TESTING AND VALIDATING WHETHER THE FACT THAT THAT OR-
GANIZATION OR ANY ORGANIZATION SO CONCEIVED AND SEW DEDICATED CAN WILL NOT FAIL SOON. WE ARE MET ON A
GREAT SPATIAL-TEMPORAL LOCATION OF THAT SPECIFIC LACK OF AMICABLE RELATIONS BETWEEN TO SOCIAL-
CULTURAL-PO-LITICAL ENTITIES. WE HAVE COME IN ORDER TO DEDICATE A PROPER SUBSET OF THAT SPATIAL-
TEMPORAL LOCATION AS A FINAL RESTING-LOCATION FOUR THOSE WHO HERE GAVE THAT, THAT IT MIGHT PROGRESS. IT
IS ALTOGETHER APPROPRIATE AND PROPER THAT WE SHOULD DO SOMETHING LIKE THIS. BUT IN A LARGER DE-
NOTATION, WE CAN NOT APPORTION, WE CANNOT MEMORIALISE, WE CANNOT HALLOW THIS.
THEY, LIVING AND DEAD WHO STRUGGLED HERE HAVE BLESSED IT FAR ABOVE OUR OWN IMPOVERISHED POWER FOR
ADDITON OR SUBBSTRACTION FROM THEIR OUVRE. THE TEMPORAL REALM WILL LITTLE NOTE NOR LONG REM-EMBER
WHAT OUR OWN OPIONS PRESENTED HERE, BUT IT CAN NEVER FORGET WHAT THEY DIDIN THIS SPATIAL-TEMPORAL
LOCATION. IT IS FOR US THE NOT YET DEAD RATHER TO BE DED-ICATED HERE TO THE UNFINISHED WORK WHICH
THEY WHO FOUGHT HERE HAVE THUS FAR SO NOBLY ADVANCED. IT IS RATHER FOR US TO BE HERE DE-DICATED TO
THE NOT SMALL TASK REMAINING BEFORE US--THAT FROM THESE HONORED PEOPLE WE TAKE INCREASED CARE AND
CONCERN TO THAT CAUSE FOR WHICH THEY GAVE THE LAST FULL MEASURE OF DEVOTION--THAT WE HERE HIGHLY
RESOLVE THAT THESE DEAD MEN SHALL NOT HAVE DIED IN VAIN, THAT THIS AREA UNDER GOD SHALL HAVE A NEW
BIRTH OF FREEDOM, AND THAT SOCIAL ORGANI ZATIONS RELATED TO POLITICAL STATES OF, BY, AND FOR US ALL
SHALL NOT SEASE TO EXIST ON THIS RO-TATING CELSTIAL ORB.
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