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John Anderson's texts on cognitive psychology provide an excellent intro-
duction also. These are more directed at beginning scholars wishing to dive deeper
into this area:
Anderson, J. R. (1999). Learning and memory (2nd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley and
Sons.
Anderson, J. R. (2009). Cognitive psychology and its implications (7th ed.). New York,
NY: Worth Publishers.
An excellent introduction to cognitive modeling is Allen Newell's Unified
Theories of Cognition. Although written a while ago, the text offers a nice
introduction to the thinking that launched this field of research, and to a particular
cognitive modeling environment that we mention in passing, Soar:
Newell, A. (1990). Unified Theories of Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press.
Elizabeth Styles' text on attention, perception, and memory offers a very good
starting point and highlights how they are interdependent and interact:
Styles, E. H. (2005). Attention, perception and memory: An integrated introduction. Hove,
UK: Psychology Press.
For an accessible book on how reflection and memory affect performance in a
business setting, read Tom Demarco's Slack:
Demarco, T. (2001). Slack: Getting past burnout, busywork, and the myth of total effi-
ciency. New York, NY: Broadway Books.
There are also many online demonstrations and resources in this area on sites such
as The Exploratorium (
http://www.exploratorium.edu/memory
)
and the EPsych site
5.7 Exercises
5.1 Find a user of a smartphone. It may have to be someone from outside your
class. Ask them to note as many of the menu items on the smartphone as they
can, and the structure of these menus. Have them do it without access to their
phone.
Compare what they remember with the phone itself. It will be useful to do
this for several people and compare the results. What does this tell you about
phone usage and users' memory?
5.2 Find an online tutorial, perhaps from this class or another class, or an online
tutorial to teach you Lisp or Java. Using an informal representation, break
down what you learn from a sample lesson into these concepts: math, theory
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