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Figure . . Procrustes rotation of metric onto non-metric scaling for rail cost
Minimizing S can be di cult because of the possible large number of local minima.
Various algorithms have been proposed, for example Guttman ( ), Hubert and
Arabie ( , ) and Lau et al. ( ). Here we use the algorithm by Guttman
( ) for the following example.
he data used to illustrate this method are ratings for World War II politicians
and are the lower triangle given by Everitt and Dunn ( ). Figure . shows the
resulting unidimensional scaling obtained.
For clarity, the points have been plotted on a diagonal, which represents a linear
axisstarting fromMaoTseTungat . andendingat Mussoliniat . .hecountries
the leaders represent have also been added. What is interesting is that Stalin is most
closely identified with Hitler and Mussolini as opposed to his UK/US World War II
allies.
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