State-of-the-Art: Semantics Acquisition Games - Semantic Acquisition Games: Harnessing Manpower for Creating Semantics - page 42

opponents, who firstly guess the concepts and afterward evaluate the guesses of each
other. The guessing is done in several rounds, in which the number and specificity of
hints is increasing, so at the start, the players enter more possible concepts. The game,
in fact, ends, when the number of clues is so high (they can be even contradictory)
that players can no longer guess a word which suites all of them.
The interesting aspect of GuessWhat!? is that the hints are generated according
to existing ontology, i.e. on the facts that are already existing and hypothetically do
not need to be re-explored again. If for example, the clues (based on ontology) on
the word “cat” are given (e.g.,“furry”, “household” and “mammal”) and the player
guesses the word “cat”, we have not gained any new information. However, even
that is useful, because it validates the existing relationship. But during the gameplay,
players may enter also other concepts that matches the given criteria (e.g., “dog” or
“hamster”) that explore new relationships. Additionally, when the game turns into
evaluation phase, and players evaluate the opponent's guesses, the bad guesses that
might be identified (e.g., a player writes the concept “snake” to the hint “mammal”)
are also recorded as invalid (the fact that snake is not amammal may also be valuable).
The authors claim the game provides valid expansion of the ontology, unfortunately,
the game was not evaluated in larger scale (the authors claim only 20 players with
several games played).
3.4.3 OnToGalaxy
Krause et al. created another game for populating ontology, called OnToGalaxy [ 9 ].
From the “purpose” point of view, the player's task is to identify objects matching
the given subject and predicate or having a certain property —he does so by selecting
the words matching the given conditions.
The game is interesting from the player's point of view because it encapsulates the
game purpose into conventional storyline in order to make the game more attractive:
it is a space-shooter game. The player is a commander of the spaceship and his task,
instead of, for example: “identify all touchable objects” is more like to be “shoot
down all freighters with call sign of touchable object”. The player afterward selects
spaceships to shoot on the screen effectively selecting objects with a “touchable”
property.
3.4.4 Connecting the Ontologies: SpotTheLink
Many ontologies already exist and research issues are oriented toward finding a way
of connecting them together (an issue relevant, for example, inLinkedData cloud). As
we have mentioned earlier, this can be done by matching the corresponding entities in
both ontologies (ontology alignment) or by identifying relationships between entities
of both ontologies (ontology linking). Siorpaes andHepp addressed this issuewith the