Game Development Reference
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Fig. 2.1 Example of various Duolingo achievements, constantly reminding student of his progress
and inviting for more activity
of same category follow the same structure, so it is relevant to use their properties
as attributes of the category (a superclass) in the DBpedia (e.g., articles about kings
of France are decorated with reign time span and prime minister attributes).
The DBpedia also pays respect to other existing global (semantic) data resources (like
FOAF ontology). Unfortunately the automatically extracted facts of DBpedia are still
somewhat sparse. Although the ontology contains a solid concept hierarchy, which
originates from the manually created and refined Wikipedia classification system, it
lacks relevant non-taxonomic relationships (e.g., composition, interaction).
2.5.5 Duolingo: A “Gamified” Crowdsourcing
One of the incentives used to motivate workers to participate in a crowdsourcing
process is the gamification: an introduction of game elements (e.g., leaderboards,
badges, achievements) into activities that are not games themselves. By its definition,
gamification covers any working activity (not just crowdsourcing), with crowdsourc-
ing however, it is with good symbiosis: the small tasks allow fluent rise of player's
“achievement” levels, constantly reminding of his progress. A good example of fus-
ing gamification and crowdsourcing is a language learning portal called Duolingo 8
created by Luis von Ahn. In Duolingo, a student may learn a new language from
scratch, using interactive exercises that automatically evaluate his written or even
spoken answers. For this, student receives various achievements and badges (see
Fig. 2.1 )—he is constantly reminded of his progress.
8 https://www.duolingo.com
 
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