Agriculture Reference
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experiment at the Rice Research Institute of Iran. Results indicated that PSB and
PCF had a significant influence on grain yield, biological yield, and grain P uptake,
while there was no effect on the straw P uptake and plant heights. While comparing
the overall response, biofertilizer application enhanced the grain yield by 1-11 %,
while P uptakes by grains were increased by 6-8 % than control. It was concluded
from this study that the application of biofertilizer could stimulate growth and
consequently increased the grain yield of rice. Similarly, the inoculation of
Burkholderia vietnamiensis to rice cultivars in two pot and four field trials at
different locations in Vietnam showed an enhancement of 33, 57, 30, and 13 % in
shoot weight, root weight, leaf area, and number of tillers/hill, respectively, com-
pared to non-inoculated plants. In other study, strain of Rhodobacter capsulatus
significantly increased the plant dry weight, number of productive tillers, and grain
and straw yields of rice var. Giza 176, grown in pot treated with different levels of N
fertilizer compared to non-inoculated plants (Elbadry et al. 1999 ). The results of
this study concluded that N fertilizer could be saved up to 50 % while applying
bacterial fertilizers. Similarly, an increase of 41, 12, 11.2-20, and 18.7 % in root
weight, straw yield, grain yield, and total biomass, respectively, due to PGPR
inoculation over non-inoculated rice is reported (Mehnaz et al. 1998 ; Sherchand
2000 ). The liquid culture (for pot experiments) or carrier-based preparation (for
field trials) of three bacterial species, such as B. megaterium , B. subtilis, and
P. corrugata , isolated from temperate locations in the Indian Himalayan region
and
exhibiting
phosphate-solubilizing
activity
(PSA)
in
the
order
P. corrugata
B. subtilis , when tested, caused a dramatic
increase in overall performance of rice. While comparing the effect of three
cultures, B. subtilis had the most promising effect and increased the grain yield
by 1.7- and 1.6-fold in pot and field trials, respectively (Trivedi et al. 2007 ). In a
recent study, Rajapaksha et al. ( 2011 ) conducted experiments under both pot and
field environments to assess the substitutability of triple superphosphate (TSP) by a
P fertilizer mixture (PFM) involving TSP, RP, and PSB inoculants for wetland rice.
For these studies, 6 single and 2 dual inoculants were formulated with Enterobacter
gergoviae and 5 Bacillus species. In pot trials, the mixture of E. gergoviae and
B. mycoides and the sole application of B. subtilis enhanced yields by 32 and 25 %,
respectively, relative to single application of TSP. The results observed in pot trials
were validated under field environment where dual culture of E. gergoviae with
B. subtilis and E. gergoviae with B. pumilus augmented grain yield by 22-27 %
compared to TSP application alone (574 g 2 ). Overall, it was suggested that about
50 % of TSP could be saved when RP is applied with E. gergoviae , B. pumilus , and
B. subtilis , as seed inoculant for raising the productivity of rice both under pot and
field conditions.
Similar variable effects of PSB on other cereals used either alone or in combi-
nation with other chemical fertilizers have been reported (Panhwar et al. 2011 ;
Yazdani et al. 2011 ). For example, like wheat and cereals, there has also been a
substantial increase in the biomass of maize plants inoculated with fluorescent
Pseudomonas (Vyas and Gulati 2009 ) and S. marcescens (EB 67) and Pseudomo-
nas sp. (CDB 35) (Hameeda et al. 2008 ). In this experiment, strain EB 67 enhanced
B. megaterium
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