Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
solubilizing bacteria and fungi associated with Salix alba Linn from Lahaul and
Spiti valleys of Himachal Pradesh were recovered using PVK, modified Pikovskaya
(MPVK) and NBRIP media. The PSF belonged mainly to
Penicillium
sp.,
A. fumigatus
,
A. niger
,
A
. spp. and non-sporulating sterile groups. Amongst the
PSF, 7 fungal isolates dissolved higher amounts of P from North Carolina RP than
MRP and Udaipur rock phosphate (URP). However, the organisms solubilized
higher P in NBRIP broth than PVK broth. FC28 (
Penicillium sp
.) isolate could
solubilize 52.3
g/ml amongst fungi, and while solubilizing URP, FC28 and FC39
displayed maximum decrease in pH of medium from 6.8 to 5.96 in NBRIP broth
(Chatli et al.
2008
).
According to Srividya et al.(
2009
),
A. niger
(F7),
A. niger
(F4),
A. niger
and
Penicillium
sp. showed 107.7, 108.3, 112.7 and 110.3 % PS efficiency on PVK
medium with 0.5 % (w/v) TCP and 285, 187.5, 258 and 70.5
μ
gP/ml, respectively,
from 0.5 % (w/v) TCP in liquid broth after 5 days of growth. The fungal isolate F7
however showed a varied level of PS activity both on solid and in liquid culture
medium treated with different C and N sources. In a similar study, Jayaraman and
Ilyas (
2010
) assessed the PS activity of
Aspergillus
and
Penicillium
isolated from
the paddy rhizosphere in Tamil Nadu, India. Phosphate solubilization efficacy of
the fungal strains followed the order:
A. niger
μ
A. fumigatus
.
Coutinho et al. (
2011
) isolated a total of 318 filamentous fungi from areas cultivated
with melon and determined their PS ability. Of these, 52 fungal isolates were able to
solubilize P and were identified
as Aphyllophorales
(
2
),
Aspergillus
(
34
),
Penicil-
lium
(
10
)
and Rhizopus
(6). Yadav et al. (
2011a
) tested the P-solubilization poten-
tial of
Aspergillus niger
strain BHUAS01,
P. citrinum
strain BHUPC01 and
T. harzianum
in vitro which showed 328
Penicillium
sp.
>
>
g P/ml,
respectively. Noor et al. (
2013
) demonstrated that microorganisms are the most
prominent entities for solubilization of P in various soils of different areas of Sindh
Province including Tando Muhammad Khan, Tando Allahyar, Nawabshah,
Ratodero-Larkana, Shikarpur and Umerkot, Pakistan. These soils had varying
concentrations of chemicals, variable climatic conditions, pH and microbial
populations especially the PSA. The isolated fungi expressing PSA included spe-
cies of
Fusarium
,
Aspergillus
,
Penicillium
and
Rhizopus
. Among PSF,
Aspergillus
sp. showed greatest PSA as compared to other fungi. Naveenkumar et al. (
2012
)
isolated fungal species from the
Areca catechu
husk waste and determined the PSA.
The zone of clearance was higher in
A. terreus
(0.8
μ
g P/ml, 301
μ
g P/ml and 287
μ
0.03 cm), medium in
B. cinerea
(0.5
0.08 cm) and very low PS activity was detected for
A. niger
(strain 2) and unidentified 3 (0.1
0.03 cm). The P-solubilizing activity in broth
was higher
for unidentified 2 (550
8.5
μ
g/ml), medium in unidentified
1 (530
g/ml).
Mahamuni et al. (
2012
) isolated PSF from the sugarcane and sugar beet rhizosphere
of Western Maharashtra region of India on the basis of clear zones on Pikovskaya
agar medium and solubilization indices. The PSF recovered from both rhizospheres
were identified as
A. niger
(NFCCI 1991),
A. awamori
(NFCCI 1992),
A. fumigatus
(NFCCI 1993),
Alternaria alternata
(NFCCI 1994),
Curvularia pallescens
(NFCCI
1996),
P. oxalicum
(NFCCI 1997),
P. rubrum
(NFCCI 1998) and
T. viride
(NFCCI
10
μ
g/ml) and very low activity in
A. niger
(strain 2) (40
2.52
μ
