Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Areas of Production
According to FAO Statistics, the world production of linseed has been recorded
decreasing trend since 2005 accompanied with decreasing harvesting areas
(Tables
11.1
and
11.2
, Figs.
11.1
and
11.2
). Until 2010, the largest areas were in
Canada, China, and India. In 2011 the largest area was sown in Russia. EU areas
increased twice in 2010 (23.27 %) compared to the period 2000-2009 (13-14.38 %)
and world production [
55
]. In 2011, flax and linseed sowing areas reached 36.56 %
of world areas [
55
]. EU flax and linseed production areas were associated with
increasing trend of harvesting areas when the share on total world production was
12.31 % in 2005-2009, 20.64 % in 2010, and more than 27 % in 2011.
Genetic Resources
Various research studies on the genetic resources of flax/linseed have already been
considered as the basis for successful breeding work. The first attempt to make an
inventory of flax/linseed European gene pool was made at the ad hoc meeting of
flax germplasm collection holders within newly established Industrial Crops and
Potato Network during the ESCORENA Network meeting by the European Coop-
erative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks (ECP/GR) held in
Prague, on December 7-8, 2001 [
56
]. Based on this inventory, the total European
gene pool is estimated at approximately 27,437 accessions, maintained at
16 genebanks. The majority of these accessions are maintained in Russia, Romania,
Germany, the Czech Republic, and France. In EURISCO there are approximately
17,175
Linum
ssp
.
accessions recorded in the holdings of 31 institutes from
21 countries [
57
], while another estimate indicated that there are about 18,950
records [
58
]. The detailed analysis of flax/linseed national inventories covering
most of the European countries has been previously described by Pavelek
et al. [
59
]. The structure of these national collections according to the origin and
type of use as well as from the number of accessions maintained was presented by
the respective authors and national collection curators (Bulgarian collection [
60
,
61
], Czech collection [
62
,
63
], French collection [
64
], German collection [
65
],
Hungarian collection [
66
], Dutch collection [
67
], Polish collection [
68
], Romanian
collection [
69
,
70
], Russian collection [
71
], Ukrainian collection [
72
], Italian
collection [
73
], Latvian collection [
74
], Portugal collection [
75
], Slovak collection
[
76
], Lithuanian collection [
77
].)
The traditional methods of evaluation based on passport and special descriptors
analysis are often augmented with molecular methods in order to characterize
collections, to create core collections, as well as to identify and to distinguish the
respective accessions. Various DNA markers have been widely used for diversity
analysis in plants, including random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD),
inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), amplified fragment length polymorphism
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