Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9.1 Properties and industrial applications of specialty starches
Gelatinization
properties of
native
starches
a
Starch
To
Tp
Industrial use of starch/modified starch base
Dent
Native
78
95
Corrugating, face and talcum powder
Modified Variable
Papermaking, laundry starch, textiles, bioplastics, glass-fiber
sizing
Waxy
Native
70
83
Foods, adhesives
Modified Variable
Papermaking, pharmaceuticals, adhesives, bookbinder, construc-
tion, mining, home, and fabric care products
Amylose 5
Native
>
95
>
95
Corrugating, glass-fiber sizing
Modified Variable
Corrugating, textiles, papermaking, glass-fiber sizing
Amylose 7
Native
95
Films, bioplastics, textiles
Modified Variable Corrugating, textiles, papermaking, bioplastics, glass-fiber sizing
a
To
gelatinization onset temperature,
Tp
gelatinization peak temperature
95
>
>
polymer can form either biodegradable or nonbiodegradable plastics. Bioplastics
from starch can be moisture permeable and so have increased utility as food wraps
or packaging.
The starch amylose and amylopectin molecules have distinctive characteristics
that provide a wide array of properties. This functional variety makes starch a
unique, valuable, and adaptable industrial resource.
Starch Production and Development of Specialty Starch
Hybrids
One of the first commercial corn wet-milling operations in the United States was the
Oswego Starch Works, founded by Thomas Kingsford in Oswego, New York, in
1848. The plant milled about 850,000 bushels and produced more than 8.25 t of
starch annually. Oswego, in the mid to late nineteenth century, was one of the major
great lakes shipping ports, linking the eastern seaboard and Chicago grain trade [
1
].
Initially, all corn wet milled was regular corn. The waxy corn type was not
discovered until 1909 in samples categorized from Chinese landraces [
2
]. Waxy is
most prominent in SW China with 18-22 % of the landraces from the provenances
of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi reported as waxy-type corn [
3
,
4
].
The ability to visually distinguish the waxy kernel phenotype made it very useful
in early genetic studies of recombination frequency and gene distance chromosome
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