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the way from miRNA expression over miRNA maturation to
miRNA targets. Determination of miRNA levels may become the
indispensable diagnostic tool in cancer recognition. Therapeutic
approaches including miRNA targeting are to be understood in
terms of how they work to succeed in the clinic. But past efforts
that resulted in drug approval demonstrate that it is worth investi-
gating. Not only that RNA-based therapy has its advantage in rec-
ognizing one specifi c type of cancer, which makes personalized
therapy possible, but it can also support conventional cancer thera-
peutics by pre-weakening the tumor. Both diagnostic and thera-
peutic approaches will benefi t from establishing a broad range of
assays and protocols to investigate miRNA maturation and its
whole pathway closely.
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