Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Integral abutment
HP pile
R
-direction
θ-direction
Z
-direction
Rocks
Figure 16.11
Soil spring model on a pile.
Three types of soil resistance-displacement models can describe soil charac-
teristics (Greimann and Wolde-Tinsae 1988): lateral resistance-displacement
(
p-y
) curves; longitudinal load-slip (
f-z
) curves; and pile tip load-settlement
(
q-z
) curves. The
p-y
curves represent the relationship between the lateral
soil pressure against the pile (force per unit length of the pile) and the cor-
responding lateral pile displacement. The
f-z
curves describe the relation-
ship between skin friction (force per unit length of the pile) and the relative
vertical displacement between the pile and the soil. The
q-z
curves describe
the relationship between the bearing stress at the pile tip and the pile tip
settlement. The total pile tip force is
q
times the effective pile tip area. All
three types of curves assume the soil behavior to be nonlinear and can be
developed from basic soil parameters where the
p-y
curve is the most prom-
inent one, so it is called the
p-y
method. Figure 16.11 shows the spring
model of a steel pile.
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