Integral bridges - Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures - page 494

Semi-integral abutment

Cl bearing

Bridge limit

Concrete deck slab

Approach slab

Constr. joint

Elastomeric
bearing pad

Support
post

Steel stringer

Waterproofing
material

Polystyrene

Constr. joint
Slop
protection

Porous backfill
with filter fabric

1

2

L Piles-place pile
web perpendicular to
L bearing

Figure 16.4 Semi - integral abutment.

An important step in integral and semi-integral abutment design is to figure
out all the loads and calculate horizontal forces and moments in the foundation
elements. The following loads are considered in the integral abutment design:

• Abutment cap self-weight
• Abutment backwall self-weight
• Abutment wingwall self-weight
• Miscellaneous dead loads (bearing seats, lateral restraints, etc.)
• Superstructure dead load
• Approach slab dead load
• Lateral soil pressure on the backwall (active and passive)
• Lateral soil pressure on the wingwalls
• Longitudinal applied forces (in select cases, depending on the nature of
the bearings provided between the superstructure and the abutment)