Redundancy analysis - Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures - page 461

Build FEM model

Apply dead load

Apply live load at
a given location

Are there
tension members?

No

Yes

Reinstall the removed
tension member

Remove one(next)
tension member

Move live load
to next location

No

All tension
members tested?

Any remaining
member yields?

No

Yes

Yes

e removed tension
member is an FCM

Record FCM

All live load
positions tested?

No

Yes

List/plot all FCMs
in structure

End

Figure 15.1 Flowchart for identifying FCMs of complex steel bridges. (Data from
Caltrans, “Memo to Designers 12-2: Guidelines for Identification of Steel
Bridge Members,” August 2004.)

Another type of redundancy is the structural behavior under dynamic
loads, such as earthquake loading or blast loading. The effect of blast load-
ing is more localized than earthquake's global effect. The ability to sustain
local damage without total collapse (structural integrity) is a key similarity
between seismic-resistant and blast-resistant designs (NIST 2001). In general,