Strut-and-tie modeling - Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures - page 423

250 kip 250 kip 250 kip 250 kip

Girder locations

Girder locations

9′-10′

9′

14′

10′ 6′′

28′

4′-4′ 6′′

28′

Ground line

(a)

Ground line

(b)

Girder locations

24′-28′

11′ ±

6′

29′

Ground line
or water line

(c)

Figure 13.14 (a) Pier cap 1. (b) Pier cap 2. (c) Pier cap 3. (Continued)

(1289.98 kN), but then the load was increased to see the crack formation.
Cracks were observed at about 750 kip (3336.17 kN) for the girder reaction.
From the stress contour S x (lateral stress, Figure 13.14f), the tension zone can
be identified where reinforcement shall be provided as tie members or stirrups.
The S y (vertical stress) contours can be seen in Figure 13.14g. In this figure, the
formation of struts is clearly visible.