Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 7.32
Perspective view of the 3D finite element model.
Figure 7.33
Plan view of the 3D finite element model.
beam and two concrete columns, supporting the superstructure, as shown in
Figure 7.34. In the 2D grillage model, all supports can be considered fixed
at the vertical direction.
As illustrated in Figure 7.35, concrete deck was modeled by shell elements,
whereas the five I-girders were modeled by 3D frame elements. The connec-
tions between concrete deck and steel girders are simulated by displacement
constraints with corresponding nodes constrained together. To better simu-
late the bearing, foundation springs at the start and end abutments are fixed
at vertical and horizontal directions as shown in Figure 7.36.
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