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Location :
0
Top flange
Value :
0
60
48
36
24
12
0
−12
−24
−36
−48
−60
(a)
Location :
0
Bottom flange
Value :
0
60
48
36
24
12
0
−12
−24
−36
−48
−60
(b)
Figure 7.26
Stress diagrams of MD140 Bridge (in ksi). (a)Top-lange stress diagram. (b) Bottom-
flange stress diagram.
Bridge testing results of these nine stages were collected and compared
with the FEA results for all phases of construction. For the FEA, steel gird-
ers were represented by 2D shell elements joined together in an I shape
and the concrete deck was represented by 3D solid elements as shown in
Figure 7.11—3D brick-shell model. When analyzing fresh concrete pouring
as dead loads, steel-only cross sections were used, rather than composite
sections used in analyses in later phases.
The graphic results shown for the 3D finite element staging analysis
are for the third construction phase where girders 1 through 11 have
been constructed and concrete deck was poured in the first and second
phases. The third-phase construction is for girders 12 through 15, and
the pouring sequence is starting from the north-side 46.33-m (152′) span
(Figure 7.27), the second pour on the south-side 45.11-m (148′) span
(Figure 7.28), and then the third closure pour in three consecutive days. The
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