Straight and curved steel I-girder bridges - Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures - page 207

Concrete deck
(solid element)
Girder
(shell element)
Figure 7.11 3D brick-shell model.
(1992) modeled full composite action by imposing no release at
the interface nodes at the concrete deck and girders. Queiroz et al.
(2007) vmodeled the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement in
the deck slab as a smeared layer of equivalent area in solid brick
elements.
c. 3D shell-beam model. Tabsh and Tabatabai (2001) and Issa et al.
(2000) modeled deck slab using four-node rectangular shell ele-
ments with five DOFs per node. Each component of the steel girder,
that is, top and bottom flange and web, was modeled separately.
Top and bottom flanges were idealized as two-node beam elements
with six DOFs per node. The steel web was idealized using four-
node rectangular shell elements and the cross frames were ideal-
ized using two-node beam elements. Rigid beam elements were
used to model the full composite action between the concrete deck
and steel girders as shown in Figure 7.12.
d. 3D shell-shell model. Fu and Lu (2003) idealized the bridge deck
with isoparametric quadrilateral shell elements, and the reinforce-
ment was modeled as a smeared 2D membrane layer with isopara-
metric plane stress element. The steel girder flanges were modeled
using eight-node plane shell elements and web by eight-node
plane stress elements. This modeling selection clearly generates an