Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Cartilage Regeneration
the modified HA forming kinetic chains [44]. Additionally, these
methacrylated HA macromers can be processed into scaffolds
via
various other techniques, including the electrospinning of fibres
(
Figure 2.2a
) [4].
R
1
R
2
O
O
O
HO
O
HO
OH
NH
O
O
R
1
R
2
(a)
O
(e)
HA
O
H
HA
H
O
(b)
(f)
H
OH
HA
HA
O
O
OH
(c)
O
(g)
H
HA
N
H
HA
O
SH
O
(d)
O
H
H
N
H
HA
N
NH
2
O
Figure 2.1
Chemical structure of the HA polysaccharide repeat
unit showing some common modifications. Either the -COOH
group of the glucuronic acid subunit or the -OH group of the
acetylglucosamine subunit can be functionalised with reactive
groups, R
1
and R
2
respectively, that allow crosslinking of the
modified HA to form a hydrogel. Commonly used functional
groups at each of these locations are shown in two columns
below. (a) Esterified HA (benzyl ester); (b) HA-tyramide; (c) thiol-
modified HA; (d) HA-hydrazide; (e) HA-aldehyde; (f) glycidyl
methacrylate-modified HA; and (g) methacrylated HA
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