Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
successfully employed to deliver cytotoxic drugs like Dox [61] and
also plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid [62]. The uptake of this liposome
was dependent on the density of HA indicating receptor clustering
and the need for multiple binding sites for its internalisation [63
The second strategy involved the coating of high MW HA to a
preformed liposome by carbodiimide mediated coupling of glucuronic
carboxylate to phosphatidylethanolamine [64]. Mitomycin C [65]
and Dox [66] were encapsulated in the HA coated liposomes which
accumulated in tumour cells and reduced tumour growth, with
lower systemic toxicity [66]. These covalently coated HA-liposomes
delivered the anticancer drug efficiently and demonstrated longer
circulation time in blood, compared to non-coated liposomes.
Recently, Park and co-workers utilised HA-ceramide (HACE) to
fabricate HA liposomes using egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol
and HACE and their ability to deliver Dox and gadopentetate
dimeglumine, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent,
to cancer cells was evaluated [67].
These nanohybrid liposomes
demonstrated improved pharmacokinetics in rats, with prolonged
circulation of the drug in the blood stream, indicated by slow
clearance of Dox in HA coated liposomes compared to plain liposome
and free Dox. The size and surface charge of a liposome play a key
role in its metabolism and biodistribution. Glucksam-Galnoy and
co-workers have studied the influence of HA coated unilamellar and
multilamellar vesicles on the macrophage, a key phagocytic cell rich
in CD44 receptor, which is known to promote tumour progression
[68]. These macrophages have an affinity with necrotic and hypoxic
tumour cells, and promote chronic inflammation. The macrophages
revealed significantly higher affinity with HA coated multilamellar
vesicles over unilamellar vesicles without inducing pro-inflammatory
response, indicating the former as a liposome of choice for delivering
anti-inflammatory drugs.
8.4.4.3 Hyaluronic Acid - Metal Nanoparticles
HA immobilised iron oxide NP are synthesised by conjugating the
Search WWH ::
Custom Search