Environmental Engineering Reference
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Fig. 10.2 a First-order phase transition of a ferroelectric material, b Second-order phase transition
of a ferroelectric material
and therefore a thermodynamic treatment is not the most appropriate [
2
]. In some
cases, in order to determine the electrocaloric effect more accurately and to con
rm
the values obtained by indirect method, other methods, such as direct measure-
ments, should be used [
2
,
5
].
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