Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
30. Loss of contact
between relatives
29. Migration
28. Increasing
population
Mahindi
27. High birth
rate
32. Poor access road
31. Labor
export
1. Lack of
licenses
Unemployment
3. Expert advice
24. Small farm
sizes
20. Private vets
38. Flower
production
2. Income generating
activities
35. Few employment
opportunities
19. Dairy
production
25. Over-cultivation
18. Leasing
land
23. Livestock
diseases
4. Income
22. Lack of
Knowledge
34. Soil erosion
and infertility
33. Low food-crop
production
21. Poor
management
11. Fuel
shortage
8. Buying
food
14. Water
shortage
9. Human
diseases
17. Storage
tanks
6. Inadequate
food
10. Use of coffee
husks
16. Dry season
36. Lack of public
land within
15. Distant and expensive
health services
12. Water not
potable
7. Malnutrition
26. Irrigating/cultivating
along river banks
37. Lack of nursery
school
13. Lack of treating
chemicals
fIGuRe 4.6 A cognitive map depicting perceptions of factors influencing the health and
sustainability in Mahindi intensive survey site, Kiambu District, Kenya, 1997. See CD for
color image and key.
indirect (Table 4.8). The impacts are most sensitive to increases in the weights of any
of the arcs in the two-arc cycles linking vertex 4 to vertices 11 and 9.
The digraph consists of two main strong components. The first has 12 vertices
(4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 20, 33, and 34) in six negative- and eight positive-feedback
loops. The second has two (19 and 20) vertices in a positive-feedback loop. The first
strong component is pulse stable. The simple value-stabilizing strategies for this
component include removing arc [18, 33] and then either arc [20, 33] or [34, 33]. The
second component is pulse stable as well and can be value stabilized by inverting
any one of the two arcs.
4.3.5 g i k A b u
The cognitive map produced by participants from Gikabu is shown in Figure 4.7.
Vertex 9 has cognitive centrality, with a total degree of 14, followed by vertices 26,
29, and 18, with total degrees of 7, 7, and 6, respectively. Nine of the vertices (1, 10,
16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 32, 33) are sources, but there are no sinks. Table 4.9 shows the
impacts of community goals in Gikabu village based on a geometric analysis of
the digraph. Tea markets had indeterminate effects on most other vertices due to the
presence of 2 three-arc paths from vertex 3 to 9. It had negative impacts on vertex 5
and 6. Inverting or removing arc [6, 7] increases the positive impacts of community
goals to 130, while removing arc [7, 9] increases the impacts to 129. Inverting any
one of arcs [15, 9], [9, 26], [26, 29], and [13, 14] reduces the positive impacts of
 
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