Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
authors disclosed that the degree of tube functionalisation, rather than the
nature of the functional groups attached to the CNTs, was the critical factor
leading to less tissue accumulation and normal tissue physiology within the
irst 24 hours post-administration (Fig. 9.29 and Table 9.1).
It is important to note that the chemical functionalisation onto CNTs might
provide, by itself, useful signals for tracking the presence of functionalised
tubes inside the cells: for example, the functionalisation of CNTs (single- and
multi-walled) via the 1,3-cycloaddition reaction has led to the appearance
of a luminescence signal with characteristic broad 395/485 nm (excitation/
emission) peaks that could be detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy
(CLSM). 181 In other words, the intrinsic SWCNT-NH 3 + luminescence enables
the intracellular visualisation and tracking of the SWCNT-NH 3 + signal by
luorescence spectrophotometry. As expected, the detected green signal
increased in proportion to the concentration of SWCNT-NH 3 + allowed for
interaction with the cells, following a dose-response trend.
TEG
HO
O
O
O
O
NH 3
Cl
O
COOH
N
O
H
O
CH 3
N
N
O
NH
O
S
HN
1
O
2
N
HO
O
O
O
Cl
H 3 N
O
7
COOH
NH
O
N
H
O
N
FITC
S
OH
OH
OH
HO
O
3
N
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
HO
O
O
O
O
O
O
OH
NH 2
COOH
O
Am-B
N
H
N
OH
O
NH
O
S
FITC
N
MTX
O
N
N
N
NH 2
α , γ
NH
S
O
N
N
O
N
H
O
O
HN
O
H
Glu-NH
NH 2
N
6
N
O
O
HO 2 C
Cl
H 3 N
OH
O
O
O
OH
4
HN
O
N
N
O
O
HO 2 C
S
O
5
Figure 9.29 Molecular structures of CNTs covalently functionalised with different
types of small molecules. (1) Ammonium-functionalised CNTs, (2) acetamido-
functionalised CNTs, (3) CNTs functionalised with luorescein isothiocyanate (FITC),
(4) CNTs bifunctionalised with ammonium groups and FITC, (5) CNTs bifunctionalised
with methotrexate (MTX) and FITC, (6) shortened CNTs bifunctionalised with
amphotericin B (AmB) and FITC, and (7) shortened CNTs bifunctionalised with
ammonium groups (via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition) and FITC (through an amide
linkage). Figure redrawn from Kostarelos et al . 180 See also Colour Insert.
 
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