Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 15
Fractal Analysis of the Binding and
Dissociation Kinetics of Protein Biomarkers
and Other Medically Oriented Analytes
on Biosensor Surfaces
Chapter Outline
15.1 Introduction
423
15.2 Theory
424
15.2.1 Single-Fractal Analysis
424
Binding Rate Coefficient
424
Dissociation Rate Coefficient
425
15.2.2 Dual-Fractal Analysis
425
Binding Rate Coefficient
425
15.3 Results
426
15.4 Conclusions
443
15.1 Introduction
The detection of the biomarkers of different diseases is an important area of biosensor develop-
ment, as the early detection of these biomarkers generally leads to a better prognosis of the dis-
ease.
College Hill (2009)
reports that “Biomarkers are valued tools used across the biological
spectrum from research to diagnostics, as indicators of normal or disease processes or to assess
pharmacological response.” Recently this area of biosensor investigation has expanded con-
siderably. Biosensors have also been used to detect medically-related analytes which, above a
certain threshold level, indicate the early incidence or onset of certain diseases. In this chapter
we analyze the kinetics of binding and dissociation (if applicable) of biomarkers of diseases and
medically-related analytes, which indicate the early onset of certain diseases.
Some of the more recent studies that have appeared in the current literature include: (a) sensitive
immunoassay of a biomarker tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-
a
based on poly(guanine)-
functionalized silica nanoparticle label (
Wang et al., 2006
), (b) development of a screen-printed