Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 14
Toxins and Pollutants Detection on
Biosensor Surfaces
Chapter Outline
14.1 Introduction
389
14.2 Theory
393
14.2.1 Single-Fractal Analysis
393
Binding Rate Coefficient
393
Dissociation Rate Coefficient
393
14.2.2 Dual-Fractal Analysis
394
Binding Rate Coefficient
394
14.3 Results
394
14.4 Conclusions
418
14.1 Introduction
The detection of toxins and pollutants is an important area of biosensor investigation. Food
contamination by pathogenic bacteria is a cause for serious concern (
Taylor et al., 2006
).
These authors point out that the following bacterial pathogens
Salmonella
spp.,
Listeria
monocytogenes
,
Campylobacter jejuni
, and
Escherichia coli
0157:H7 are apparently respon-
sible for about 67% (two-thirds) of food-related deaths (
Mead et al., 1999
). Buzby et al.
(1996) report that the estimated economic impact of food-related illnesses is around $ 5.4 bil-
lion in the United States. Thus,
Taylor et al. (2006)
emphasize the need for a rapid, sensitive,
and reliable biosensor to help detect these pathogenic bacteria that cause these serious
illnesses. These authors have developed a multichannel surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
biosensor for the quantitative, simultaneous detection of four food borne bacterial pathogens.
Walt and Franz (2000)
report that
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
(SEB) a 28.5-kDa pro-
tein may be used as a potential warfare agent and is a common source of food-related
illnesses.
Haes et al. (2006)
recently developed a bead-assisted displacement immunoassay
for SEB detection on a microchip using laser-induced fluorescence. Fluid delivery was
electrokinetically controlled. Also, a monoclonal antibody that is specific for SEB was cova-
lently attached to the silica beads. These authors explain that limited diffusion lengths and
field-based enrichment similar to field-amplified stacking led to low detection limits.
