Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.1
0.1
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
50
100
150
200
250
A
B
Time (min)
Time (min)
Figure 8.5
Binding and dissociation of cardiomyocytes plus endothelin-1 (a) with and (b) without a DEP
(dielectrophoresis) device (
Yang et al., 2007
).
Figure 8.5b
shows the binding of the cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells), in the presence of
5.3
10
3
/mL of ET-1 and without using the DEP device, to the microelectrodes (comprising
the impedance assay). A single-fractal analysis is adequate to describe the binding kinetics.
The values of the binding rate coefficient,
k
, and the fractal dimension,
D
f
, for a single-fractal
analysis are given in
Tables 8.2
and
8.3
.
Jabbour et al. (2007)
have recently used the SPR biosensor to analyze the effect of
oxazaborolidines on immobilized frutosyltransferase (FTF). FTF are extracellular enzymes
of several oral bacteria.
Jabbour et al. (2007)
report that FTF are associated with the forma-
tion of fructans which play a role in the biofilm formation and oral bacteria physiology.
Fructans are a matrix of extracellular polysaccharides. The oxazaborolidines apparently
inhibit biofilm formation.
Steinberg (2000)
point out that dental plaque formation is the
major pathogenic factor associated with peridontal diseases.
Allen and Bowen (1990)
report
that FTF is one of the extracellular enzymes secreted by several different species of oral bac-
teria. Various authors have pointed out the virulence of FTF in the oral cavity because of its
enzymatic activity, effect of bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation on dental surfaces
(
Burne, 1991; Rozen et al., 2001; Steinberg, 2000
).
Jabbour et al. (2007)
point out that the biological role of boron has been the subject of many
analyses (
Shelp and Gupta, 1993; Blevins and Lukaszewki, 1998
).
Jabbour et al. (2004)
point
out that oxazaborolidines possess antibacterial activity. Also, these compounds affect bacte-
rial adhesion to hydroxapatite, and may influence biofilm formation (
Jabbour et al., 2005
).
Thus,
Jabbour et al. (2007)
attempted to analyze the influence of oxazaborolidines on the real
time synthesis of fructans immobilized by FTF using a SPR biosensor.
รพ
2 mM sucrose in solution to FTF immobilized on a SPR sensor chip surface (
Jabbour et al.,
Figure 8.6a
shows the binding and dissociation of 0
m
M oxazaborolidine derivative, BNO1
