Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 7.2c
shows the increase in the affinity,
K
(
¼k
/
k
d
), with an increase in the ratio of frac-
tal dimensions,
D
f
/
D
fd
, for a single-fractal analysis. For the data shown in
Figure 7.2c
, the
affinity,
K
, is given by:
0
:
457
0
:
406
Kð¼k=k
d
Þ¼ð
69
:
155
8
:
006
ÞðD
f
=D
fd
Þ
ð
7
:
4c
Þ
The fit is reasonable. Only three data points are available. The availability of more data
points would lead to a more reliable fit. The affinity,
K
(
k
/
k
d
), exhibits less than one-half
(equal to 0.457) order of dependence on the ratio of the fractal dimensions,
D
f
/
D
fd
.
¼
Xu et al. (2006
) have recently used DMG functionalized nanoparticles (DMG-CuNPs) to
construct a new glucose sensor. Their results indicated that DMG could be used to encapsu-
late the copper nanoparticles to control their growth. The sensor that they developed
exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity, besides a wide linearity range and low detection
limits.
Xu et al. (2006)
further point out that due to the simple operability and instrumenta-
tion electrochemical detection is popular (
Cui et al., 2000; Karyakin et al., 2002; Yabuki
et al., 2003
).
Xu et al. (2006)
also report that Cu-based CMEs have the advantages of ease
of operation and commercial availability. Furthermore, copper nanoparticles which have
unusual properties have been frequently studied for their potential applications (
Lu et al.,
2000; Eastman et al., 2001; You et al., 2002; Mala et al., 2004
).
Xu et al. (2006)
modified
their nanoparticles on a GCE and coated their modified GCE with Nafion. This Nafion-
coated modified GCE prevented interference from acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, and uric
acid.
Xu et al. (2006)
analyzed the influence of binding and dissociation of 0.1 mM glucose
to DMG-CuNPs CME in sequential runs.
Figure 7.3a-c
shows the binding and dissociation
in three consecutive runs.
Figure 7.3a
shows that the binding may be adequately described
by a single-fractal analysis. A dual-fractal analysis is required to adequately describe
the dissociation kinetics. The values of (a) the binding rate coefficients and the fractal
dimensions for the binding phase,
D
f
, for a single-fractal analysis (b) the dissociation rate
coefficient,
k
d
, and the fractal dimension for the dissociation phase,
D
fd
, for a single-fractal
analysis, and (c) the dissociation rate coefficients,
k
d1
and
k
d2
, and the fractal dimensions in
the dissociation phase,
D
fd1
and
D
fd2
, for a dual-fractal analysis are given in
Tables 7.2
and 7.3
.
Figure 7.3b
shows that the binding may be adequately described by a single-fractal analysis.
Once again, a dual-fractal analysis is required to adequately describe the dissociation kinet-
ics. The values of (a) the binding rate coefficients and the fractal dimensions for the binding
phase,
D
f
, for a single-fractal analysis, (b) the dissociation rate coefficient,
k
d
, and the fractal
dimension for
the dissociation phase,
D
fd
,
for a single-fractal analysis, and (c)
the
