Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
present the kinetic analysis of the detection of glucose from a wide range of biosensors rang-
ing from the traditional electrochemical methods to the more recent and modern methods
involving nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology.
Of course, there are other analytes besides glucose whose detection has been undertaken by
different types of biosensors. However, this chapter will concentrate only on the detection of
glucose by different biosensors.
Initially, some of the examples for the detection of glucose in solution that have appeared in
the more recent literature will be presented. It is important to note that this is not an all-
inclusive list, by any means. To help remove any sort of bias, these examples are presented
in random order. These examples are: (a) fabrication of microband glucose biosensors using
a screen-printed water-based (WB) carbon ink for serum analysis (
Pemberton et al., 2009
),
(b) Poly(vinylpyrrolidine)-doped nitric oxide-releasing xerogels as glucose biosensor
membranes (
Schoenfisch et al., 2006
), (c) a glucose biosensor based on immobilization of
glucose oxidase onto multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT)-polyelectrolyte loaded electrospun
nanofibrous membrane (
Manesh et al., 2008
), (d) urine glucose meter based on a microplaner
amperometric biosensor and its clinical application for the self-monitoring of urine glucose
(
Miyashita et al., 2009
), (e) carbon post-microarrays for glucose sensors (
Xu et al., 2008
),
(f) glucose sensing electrodes based on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Prussian blue
bilayer and multiwalled CNTs (
Chin et al., 2008
), (g) fabrication of a glucose sensor based
on a novel nanocomposite electrode (
Safavi et al., 2009
), (h) the evolution of commercialized
glucose sensors in China (
Hu, 2009
), (i) a sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor in alkaline
media with a copper nanocluster/multiwall CNT-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE)
(Kang et al., 2007), (j) Pt-Pb nanowire array electrode (NAE) for enzyme-free glucose detection
(
Bai et al., 2008
), (k) preparation of functionalized copper nanoparticles and fabrication of a
glucose sensor (
Xu et al., 2006
), (l) the role of H
2
O
2
outer diffusion on the performance of
implantable glucose sensors (Vaddiraju et al., 2008), (m) a glucose biosensor based on Prussian
blue/chitosan hybrid film (
Wang et al., 2009
), (n) a novel system based on impedance spectros-
copy for noninvasive glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes (
Caduff et al., 2006
), and
(o) home blood glucose biosensors: a commercial perspective (
Newman and Turner, 2005
).
Out of the examples presented above a few will be selected to determine the binding and dis-
sociation (if applicable) kinetics of glucose in solution to their respective biosensors using
fractal analysis. Once again, there is no particular bias in selecting one example over the
other for the kinetic analysis.
7.2 Theory
Havlin (1989)
has reviewed and analyzed the diffusion of reactants toward fractal surfaces.
The details of the theory and the equations involved for the binding and the dissociation
