Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
12.6
Set of TEM microphotographs of the Cu
2
(OH)
2
CO
3
-Al system
after mechanochemical synthesis showing nanocrystalline copper: (a)
bright field, (b) dark field, (c) electron diffraction patterns (TEM Philips
CM 20 with EDX) (Wieczorek-Ciurowa and Gamrat, 2007a).
electron spectroscopy (XPS). All these techniques have been described in
standard textbooks on solid-state chemistry and they are not described in
detail here. To determine the real phase constitution with characterization
of milled powders, a combination of some methods is necessary.
12.4 Examples of applied high-energy milling
in the synthesis of selected metallic-ceramic
composite powders
Mechanochemical synthesis is almost an ideal method for preparing nano-
sized metal matrix composite powders because of its simplicity and the
possibility of forming composite powder particles with a uniform distribu-
tion of grain sizes. Moreover, such in situ routes of synthesis (Sections 12.5
and 12.6) result in the production of powdered materials that have micro-
