Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
7
Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced glass and
glass-ceramic matrix composites
T. SUBHANI andM. S. P. SHAFFER,
Imperial College London, UK;
A . R . BOCCACCINI , Imperial College London, UK and
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
Abstract: In this chapter, glass and glass-ceramic matrix composites
containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are discussed with an emphasis on
their production, properties, microstructures and applications. Composite
manufacturing routes require both CNT/matrix powder preparation
techniques and their densification by suitable sintering processes.
Physical, mechanical, functional and technological properties of the
composites are evaluated, including density, hardness, elastic modulus,
fracture strength and toughness, electrical and thermal conductivity, wear
and friction resistance, and thermal shock, cycling and ageing resistance.
Microstructural features are typically characterized by X-ray diffraction
and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the
characteristics obtained, potential applications of the composites are
considered, together with a discussion of the unresolved manufacturing
challenges and desirable, but still unattained, properties.
Key words: carbon nanotubes, heterocoagulation, colloidal mixing, sol-
gel techniques, hot-press sintering, spark plasma sintering, pressureless
sintering.
7.1
Introduction
Ideal carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess extraordinary physical and
mechanical properties in combination with unique geometrical features,
i.e. high aspect ratio and diameter in the nanoscale. Such outstanding
characteristics along with their low density make them an attractive
