Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
4.18
SEM morphology of (a) Al
2
O
3
-5% vol. SiC and (b) Al
2
O
3
-
10% vol. SiC.
a strong R-curve effect with an overall increase in toughness (Ro¨ del et al.,
1990). So the same or higher fracture toughness in the Al
2
O
3
-SiC
nanoceramics must have a different origin in the form of residual stresses
around the SiC particles.
4.5
Preventing failures
During the last two decades, various approaches have been used to improve
the failure tolerance and reliability of ceramic materials (Fig. 4.19). They
may be divided into the following classes.
