Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
strength by Ti nanotube (300 nm) at 2 weeks of implantation in femur of rats. These results suggest the
establishment of nanostructured surfaces for improved osteoconductivity. Moreover, Ogawa et al.
[69]
have prepared Ti nanostructure by physical vapor deposition and tested their osseointegration in femur
of rats. They found an increased surface area by up to 40% and a greater strength of osseointegration
for the nanostructured compared to an acid-etched surface. Some authors have correlated the initial
events in bone formation adjacent to surface with the long-term tissue response to these materials
in humans
[70,71]
.
By mimicking the chemical composition of natural bone, hydroxyapatite and CaP coatings on
Ti greatly enhance osseointegration. As shown in
Figure 5.6
, a greater direct bone apposition was
observed on CaP coated than on bare Ti implants. During the bone healing process, calcium and
FIGURE 5.6
Micrographs showing the osseointegration of bare titanium (Ti) and CaP-coated implants after
implantation in femoral condyles of rabbits for 4 weeks. Note the direct bone apposition on
CaP-coated implants (arrows) on both histology (basic fuchsine, toluidine blue staining) and
back-scattered electron microscopy (BSEM) images.
